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Ang Disaster Management

Kung sakaling magkakaroon ng kalamidad sa inyong lugar, alam mo ba iyong gagawin? Kung saang ligtas na lugar ka maaaring lumikas? kung kani...

Resulta ng larawan para sa Ang Disaster ManagementKung sakaling magkakaroon ng kalamidad sa inyong lugar, alam mo ba iyong gagawin? Kung saang ligtas na lugar ka maaaring lumikas? kung kanino ka hihingi ng tulong? Ang sagot sa mga tanong na ito ay ilan lamang sa mga dapat mong malaman upang maging ligtas ka sa panahon ng kalamidad. Ang pagiging ligtas ng isang komunidad sa mga sakuna ay nakasalalay sa pagkakaroon ng isang mahusay na disaster management. Ayon kay Carter (1992), ito ay isang dinamikong proseso na sumasakop sa sa pamamahala ng pagpaplano, pag-oorganisa, pagtukoy ng mga kasapi, pamumuno at pagkontrol. Kabilang din dito ang iba’t ibang organisasyon na dapat magtulungan at magkaisa upang maiwasan, maging handa, makatugon, at makabangon ang isang komunidad mula sa epekto ng sakuna, kalamidad at hazard. Malinaw na sinasabi dito na hindi lamang nakasalalay sa kamay ng pamahalaan ang pagbabalangkas ng disaster management plan. Kabilang din dito ang mga mamamayan at ang pampribado at pampublikong sektor. Ayon naman kina Ondiz at Rodito (2009), ang disaster
management ay tumutukoy sa iba’t ibang gawain na dinisenyo upang mapanatili ang kaayusan sa panahon ng sakuna, kalamidad, at hazard. Nakapaloob din dito ang mga plano at hakbang na dapat gawin ng mga komunidad upang maiwasan, makaagapay sa mga suliranin at makabangon mula sa epekto ng kalamidad, sakuna at 83 hazard. Kung bibigyang pansin ang dalawang kahulugan, makikitang hindi lamang ang pagtugon matapos ang isang kalamidad ang kinapapalooban ng disaster management, kabilang din dito ang mga gawain upang lubusang makabangon mula sa kalamidad at maibalik ang normal na daloy ng pamumuhay ng mga tao sa isang lugar. Sa pag-aaral ng disaster management, mahalagang alam mo ang pagkakaiba ng mga ginagamit na termino o konsepto. Ang sumusunod na kahulugan ay isinalin sa Filipino mula sa Disaster Risk Management System Analysis: A guide book nina Baas at mga kasama (2008).
1. Hazard – ito ay tumutukoy sa mga banta na maaaring dulot ng kalikasan o ng gawa ng tao. Kung hindi maiiwasan, maaari itong magdulot ng pinsala sa buhay, ari-arian, at kalikasan.
1.1 Anthropogenic  Hazard o Human-Induced Hazard – ito ay tumutukoy sa mga hazard na bunga ng mga gawain ng tao. Ang maitim na usok na ibinubuga ng mga pabrika at mga sasakyan gaya ng ipinakikita sa larawan ay ilan sa mga halimbawa ng anthropogenic hazard.
1.2. Natural Hazard – ito naman ay tumutukoy sa mga hazard na dulot ng kalikasan. Ilan sa halimbawa nito ay ang bagyo, lindol, tsunami, thunderstorms, storm surge, at landslide. Ipinakikita sa kasunod na larawan ang pagbabalita sa pagdating ng isang malakas na bagyo.
2.Disaster – ito ay tumutukoy sa mga pangyayari na nagdudulot ng panganib at pinsala sa tao, kapaligiran, at mga gawaing pang-ekonomiya. Maaaring ang disaster ay natural gaya ng bagyo, lindol, at pagputok ng bulkan o gawa ng tao tulad ng digmaan at polusyon. Ang disaster ay sinasabi ding resulta ng hazard, vulnerability at kawalan ng kapasidad ng isang pamayanan na harapin ang mga hazard.
4. Vulnerability – tumutukoy ang vulnerability sa tao, lugar, at imprastruktura na may mataas na posibilidad na maapektuhan ng mga hazard. Ang pagiging vulnerable ay kadalasang naiimpluwensiyahan ng kalagayang heograpikal at antas ng kabuhayan. Halimbawa, mas vulnerable ang mga bahay na gawa sa hindi matibay na materyales.
5. Risk –ito ay tumutukoy sa inaasahang pinsala sa tao, ari-arian, at buhay dulot ng pagtama ng isang kalamidad. Ang vulnerable na bahagi ng pamayanan ang kadalasang may mataas na risk dahil wala silang kapasidad na harapin ang panganib na dulot ng hazard o kalamidad.
6. Resilience–ang pagiging resilient ng isang komunidad ay tumutukoy sa kakayahan ng pamayanan na harapin ang mga epekto na dulot ng kalamidad. Ang pagiging resilient ay maaaring istruktural, ibig sabihin ay isasaayos ang mga tahanan, tulay o gusali upang maging matibay. Maaari ring ito ay makita sa mga mamamayan, halimbawa ang pagkakaroon ng kaalaman tungkol sa hazard ay maaaring makatulong upang sila ay maging ligtas sa panahon ng kalamidad.



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Techpopop: Ang Disaster Management
Ang Disaster Management
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